The most complete medieval treatise on urinoscopy, translated from the Greek by Ambrogio Leone  (1458/9- 1525) professor of medicine in Naples). Johannes Actuarius, the last of the great Byzantine physicians, was first to use a graduated glass for its examination. Actuarius or Actarius (Greek: ἀκτουάριος), was a title applied to officials of varying functions in the late Roman and Byzantine empires. By 12th century, or perhaps in the 11th century, the term came to be applied to prominent physicians, possibly those attached to the imperial court. By the 16th century the title Actuarius was conflated as Joannes's last name. Digital facsimile of the 1519 edition from Google Books at this link. Partial English translation in No. 2241.