Freud refuted the Wernicke–Lichtheim doctrine (Nos. 4623 & 4626) that the losses of function in aphasia were due to lesions to anatomically circumscribed centers corresponding to the various functions involved in language. He distinguished between defects in naming objects, which he called asymbolic aphasia, and defects in recognizing objects, for which he introduced the term “agnosia”. English translation, London, 1953.