An Interactive Annotated World Bibliography of Printed and Digital Works in the History of Medicine and the Life Sciences from Circa 2000 BCE to 2022 by Fielding H. Garrison (1870-1935), Leslie T. Morton (1907-2004), and Jeremy M. Norman (1945- ) Traditionally Known as “Garrison-Morton”

15961 entries, 13944 authors and 1935 subjects. Updated: March 22, 2024

EHRLICH, Paul

23 entries
  • 2487

Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Anilinfärbungen und ihrer Verwendung in der mikroskopischen Technik.

Arch. mikr. Anat., 13, 263-77, 1877.

Ehrlich’s first paper on the staining of specific granulation in white blood corpuscles by means of aniline dyes. His work immensely affected subsequent technical methods of staining.



Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteriology, Laboratory techniques in, MICROBIOLOGY
  • 553.1

Beitrage zur Kenntniss der granulirten Bindegewebszellen und der eosinophilen Leukocyten.

Arch. Anat. Physiol., Physiol. Abt., 166-69, 1879.

Mast cells; see No. 548.1.



Subjects: BIOLOGY › Cell Biology
  • 880

Methodologische Beiträge zur Physiologie und Pathologie der verschiedenen Formender Leukocyten.

Z. klin. Med., 1, 553-560, 18791880.

Foundation of the differential blood count technique.



Subjects: HEMATOLOGY
  • 3125.4

Über Regeneration und Degeneration der rothen Blutscheiben bei Anämien.

Berl. klin. Wschr., 17, 405, 1880.


Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
  • 2493

Ueber das Methylenblau und seine klinisch-bakterioskopische Verwerthung.

Z. klin. Med., 2, 710-13, 1881.

Introduction of methylene blue in bacteriological staining.



Subjects: BACTERIOLOGY › Bacteriology, Laboratory techniques in
  • 3125.5

Über einige Beobachtungen am anämischen Blut.

Berl. klin. Wschr., 18, 43, 1881.

In the above contributions to the knowledge of anemia, Ehrlich dealt in the first paper with the blood cells in anemia, and in the second gave the first description of the reticulocyte.



Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
  • 2540

Das Sauerstoff-Bedürfniss des Organismus. Eine farbenanalytische Studie.

Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1885.

Includes the first statement of Ehrlich’s “side-chain” theory.



Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY, INFECTIOUS DISEASE
  • 554

Ueber die Methylenblaureaction der lebenden Nervensubstanz.

Dtsch. Med. Wschr., 12, 49-52, 1886.

Ehrlich’s method of intravital staining.



Subjects: ANATOMY › Microscopic Anatomy (Histology)
  • 3129

Ueber einen Fall von Anämie mit Bemerkungen über regenerative Veränderungen des Knochenmarks.

Charité-Ann., 13, 300-09, 1888.

Ehrlich was first to distinguish the aplastic type of anemia.



Subjects: HEMATOLOGY › Anemia & Chlorosis
  • 3069.1
  • 887

Farbenanalytische Untersuchungen zur Histologie und Klinik des Blutes.

Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1891.

Extension of Ehrlich’s work on the differential blood count. By means of his methods of staining blood cells Ehrlich differentiated two types of leukemia, lymphatic and myelogenous.

 

 

 



Subjects: HEMATOLOGY, HEMATOLOGY › Blood Disorders, ONCOLOGY & CANCER › Leukemia
  • 5241.1

Ueber die Wirkung des Methylenblau bei Malaria.

Berl. klin. Wschr., 28, 953-56, 1891.

Guttmann and Ehrlich demonstrated methylene blue to be lethal in vitro for the malaria parasite – the beginning of Ehrlich’s work on chemotherapy.



Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Mosquito-Borne Diseases › Malaria, PARASITOLOGY › Plasmodia › P. vivax, P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi, PHARMACOLOGY › Chemotherapy
  • 5064

Die Wertbestimmung des Diphtherieheilserums.

Klin. jb., 6, 299-326, 1897.

Ehrlich improved Behring’s diphtheria antitoxin through quantitative titration and established an international standard for this and other antitoxins. This was the beginning of the concept of biological standardization. The first exposition of Ehrlich’s side-chain theory appeared in this paper. Abridged English translation in Bibel, Milestones in immunology (1988).



Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, IMMUNOLOGY › Toxin-Antitoxin, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › Diphtheria
  • 14167

The Croonian lecture. -- On immunity with special reference to cell life.

Proc. roy. Soc. , 66, 424-448, 1900.

Ehrlich's "lock and key" theory of antibody antigen relationship, or interaction, in which the toxin molecule (i.e the antigen) binds to the cell receptor, and then the antibody binds in a lock and key manner to the toxin (antigen) to neutralize the toxin. 

Digital facsimile from royalsocietypublishing.org at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)



Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY
  • 12438

Die Schutzstoffe des Blutes.

Deutsch Med. Woch., 27, 865-867, 888-891, 913-916, 1901.

In this paper on humoral immunity in humans Ehrlich addressed the bacteriocidal property of the blood, attributing that to antibodies and antitoxins.

Digital facsimile from pei.de at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)



Subjects: HEMATOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY
  • 12437

Ueber die Beziehungen von chemischer Constitution. Vertheilung und pharmakologischer Wirkung: Vortrag, gehalten im Verein für Innere Medicin am 12. December 1898.

circa 1902.

In this speech Ehrlich explained how the molecular structure of a drug can define its action and function. It represents his first attempts at modifying the molecular structure of a compound in order to tailor the in vivo physiological actions of a drug.

Digital facsimile from wellcomelibrary.org at this link. According to Ehrlich's Collected papers, this was reprinted from v., Leyden-Festschr., Berlin: Hirschwald, 1902. That may have been its first publication.

English translation as "The relations existing between chemical constitution, distrtibution and pharmacological action," in Collected papers of Paul Ehrlich (No. 86.4).

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)



Subjects: PHARMACOLOGY › Pharmacodynamics
  • 2559

Gesammelte Arbeiten über Immunitätsforschung.

Berlin: A. Hirschwald, 1904.

Reprints Ehrlich’s writings on immunology to date, as well as three papers by Kyes (Nos. 2111-3). English translation, with two more chapters by Ehrlich and Sachs, and one by Ehrlich, New York, 1906.



Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY
  • 11731

Carl Weigert Gesammelte Abhandlungen unter Mitwirkung von Ludwig Edinger und Paul Ehrlich. Herausgegeben und Eingeleitet von Robert Rieder. 2 vols.

Berlin: Julius Springer, 1906.


Subjects: CARDIOLOGY › CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE › Coronary Artery Disease › Myocardial Infarction, Collected Works: Opera Omnia, PATHOLOGY
  • 5281

Chemotherapeutische Trypanosomen-Studien.

Berl. klin. Wschr., 44, 233-36, 280-83, 310-14, 341-44, 1907.

The first account of induced microbial drug resistance. Ehrlich encountered induced drug resistance in microbes while researching arsenical preparations as cures for sleeping sickness and other trypanosome-caused illnesses. His paper, delivered as a lecture on Feb. 13, 1907, “explained how the widely varying stains of trypanosomes, which at first reacted with great sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents, gradually became drug resistant and how this property was passed on to their offspring for many generations” (Bäumler, Paul Ehrlich, p. 128). Includes an account of “Trypanrot”, by which Ehrlich succeeded in curing experimental trypanosomiasis. It was his work on this subject which led Ehrlich eventually to the production of Salvarsan. He shared the Nobel Prize for Medicine with Metchnikoff in 1908.



Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Tsetse Fly-Borne Diseases, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Tsetse Fly-Borne Diseases › Sleeping Sickness (African Trypanosomiasis), PARASITOLOGY › Trypanosoma, PHARMACOLOGY › Drug Resistance, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Antiparasitic Drugs, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Chemotherapeutic Agents
  • 2565

Beiträge zur experimentellen Pathologie und Chemotherapie.

Leipzig: Akademische Verlag, 1909.


Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, PATHOLOGY
  • 2403

Die experimentelle Chemotherapie der Spirillosen (Syphilis, Rückfallfieber, Hühnerspirillose, Frambösie).

Berlin: Julius Springer, 1910.

After many experiments on the action of synthetic drugs upon spirochetal diseases, Ehrlich and Hata in 1909 discovered Arsphenamine (Salvarsan, "the arsenic that saves", also known as “606”), an effective treatment for syphilis and trypanosomiasis. Arsphenamine was the first modern chemotherapeutic agent.

Manufactured by the German chemical company Hoechst, Salvarsan quickly became the most widely prescribed drug in the world. It was the first blockbuster drug, and remained the most effective drug for syphilis until penicillin became available in the 1940s. Digital facsimile of the German edition from the Internet Archive at this link. English translation, New York, 1912.

Ehrlich's discovery became the subject of the 1940 biographical film entitled Dr. Ehrlich's Magic Bullet. The film was released by Warner Bros., with some controversy over the subject of syphilis in a major studio release. 



Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis, INFECTIOUS DISEASE › VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES › Triatomine Bug-Borne Diseases › Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) , PARASITOLOGY › Trypanosoma, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS › Chemotherapeutic Agents › Arsphenamine
  • 2405

Ueber Laboratoriumsversuche und klinische Erprobung von Heilstoffen.

Chem. Ztg., 36, 637-38, 1912.

Introduction of neoarsphenamine (neosalvarsan).



Subjects: INFECTIOUS DISEASE › SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES › Syphilis, PHARMACOLOGY › PHARMACEUTICALS
  • 86.4

Collected papers of Paul Ehrlich. Compiled and edited by F. Himmelweit. 3 vols.

London: Pergamon Press, 19561960.

Vol. I: Histology, biochemistry, and pathology, Vol. 2: Immunology and cancer research; Vol. 3: Chemotherapy. Most texts are in German. English translations are also published when available. The set includes new English translations of a few items. Volume 4, intended to contain Ehrlich’s collected letters and a complete bibliography, was never published. See M.M. Marquardt’s Paul Ehrlich, 1949, and E. Bäumler’s, Paul Ehrlich, scientist for life, G. Edwards transl., [1984].



Subjects: ANATOMY › Microscopic Anatomy (Histology), BIOCHEMISTRY, Collected Works: Opera Omnia, IMMUNOLOGY, IMMUNOLOGY › Immunization, MICROBIOLOGY, PATHOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY › Chemotherapy
  • 11417

Paul Ehrlich's receptor immunology: The magnificent obsession.

San Diego, CA & London: Academic Press, 2002.


Subjects: IMMUNOLOGY › History of Immunology