This book set forth in detail Pauling's valence-bond theory based on the quantum-mechanical concept of resonance between two energy states, which led to his highly innovative idea that the hybridization of orbitals (electron waves) between atoms is what makes molecular structure possible. Pauling’s work “taught a couple of generations of chemists that the sizes and electrical charges of atoms determine exactly [emphasis mine] their arrangement in molecules” (Judson, The Eighth Day of Creation, p. 57). For further information see the entry at HistoryofInformation.com at this link.

First recognition, by Pauling and colleagues, of a structural hemoglobin variant, and the beginning of the molecular approach to disease. 

Pauling, his crystallographer R. B. Corey, and African-American physicist and chemist H.R. Branson announced the α-helix, a principal structural feature of proteins. Digital facsimile from the National Academy of Sciences at this link.

In 1954 Pauling was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry "for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances." See also Nos. 6914, 3154.1, 13298.

Pauling and Corey discovered the β-sheet, a principal structural feature of proteins. Digital facsimile from PNAS.org at this link. 

Vol. 1. Timeline, correspondence, publications, manuscripts & typescripts of articles, speechs, and books.
Vol. 2. Science, Research Notebooks. 1917 Linus Pauling Diary.
Vol. 3. Peace, Ava Helen Pauling, travel, honors, awards, citations, diplomas and other recognitions.
Vol. 4. Biographical
Vol. 5. Audio/Visual, photographs, and Images
Vol. 6. Newspaper clippings, magazine and journal articles, personal library.

Linus Pauling received the 1962 Nobel Peace Prize "for his fight against the nuclear arms race between East and West."

Coinage of the term "paleogenetics" in what may be the first publication on the possibility of reconstructing extinct life forms through molecular biology.  "Attention is attracted to the possibility of reconstructing the amino-acid sequence of ancestral polypeptide chains by virtue of a comparison between the amino-acid sequences of related polypeptide chains found in contemporary organisms. A tentative partial structure is proposed for two ancestral hemoglobin polypeptide chains. Some perspectives of paleobiochemistry are outlined" (Abstract).