The invention of Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The novel technique was achieved by "by applying the method to tilted specimens, and using the principles put forward by De Rosier and Klug (GM - 13935), for  the combination of a three-dimensional map of the membrane at 7 Angstroms resolution.”

In 2017 Henderson shared the 2017 the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Jacques Dubochet and Joachim Frank "for developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution."

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)