Covers both magic and empirical treatment, with a particular focus on the treatment of diseases studied on the basis of texts, including the preparation of medicines.

Detailed study of documentation (papyri, ostraca and mummies) followed by a list of pathologies by types and some considerations on medicines and their materia medica.

An attack on quack medicines, etc. with one of the most verbose title pages of the 18th century. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

A treatise on the psychosomatic aspects of certain diseases. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"The authors used ferritin as an electron dense tracer, such that they could visualize both the structure of the capillary wall and the pathways taken by the ferritin moelcules across the wall....This report confirmed that the basement memrane of the glomerular capillary wall efficiently retards the passage of large macromolecules, but the questions addressed in this report remain challenging more than half a century later" (Feehally et al, Landmark papers in nephrology [2013] 1.3 pp. 6-7).

"This demonstration of 'tubulo-glomerular feedback' therefore provided mechanistic insights into one of the fundamental homeostatic functions of the kidney—the ability to conserve salt and water. Adjusting filtered sodium load to match tubular reabsorptive capacity is essential to prevent excessive urinary sodium losses that would quickly result in cardiovascular collapse. Demonstration of this feedback loop between the tubular and glomerular portions of the same nepron provided a new dimension to understanding the nephron as a single, connected physiological unit" (Feehally et al, Landmark papers in nephrology [2013] 1.4, p. 9) With J. Schnermann, W. Nagel, M. Horster, and M. Wahl.

"Brenner and colleagues combined two relatively novel tools: a servo-null device for accurate measurment of capillary hydrostatic pressure... and a strain of specially selected rats with superficially located glomeruli, i.e. with overlying tubules. These two tools permitted direct measurment of the hydrostatic pressure within cannulated glomerular capillaries....

"These studies therefore radically redefined the process of glomerular filtration. Moreover, these technqiues could subsequently be applied to understand the mechanisms by which a host of mediators, disease states, and theapies modified glomerular filtration, transforming our understanding of both the process and the regulation of glomerular filtration" (Feehally et al, Landmark papers in nephrology [2013] 1.5., pp. 10-11). With J. L. Troy and T. M. Daugharty.

http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/hi/gnt/dsi2/index.php?

"Welcome to the Database of Illustrators!

Courtesy of the Section for History of Science and Technology, University of Stuttgart !

Our online database, fully functioning since 2011, now already covers more than 12100 illustrators in natural history, medicine, technology and various sciences in more than 100 countries, active between c.1450 and 1950! Please note that we explicitly exclude still living illustrators.

Our extensive search options across the whole database are freely available!

Please click on Browse DSI to browse the database. The Quick Search Field provides a single keyword search across the entire reference.

Search for "contains georg" will retrieve all entries that mention Georg, Georgie, georgian, etc. anywhere within the dataset whereas a search for "is equal to Georg" will only yield entries with exactly this word.

If you want to combine different search terms, select Advanced Search to get a wide array 20 different search fields that can also be combined.:

Greek text with facing French translation. Epidemics I and III, by a physician of Hippocrates' milieu, possibly by Hippocrates himself, sometime around 410 BCE

Epidemics V and VII are dated sometime around mid 4th century BCE, and compiled by a member of Hippocrates' circle.

Translated and significantly revised and enlarged as Vaccination: A history from Lady Montagu to genetic engineering (Montrouge: John Libbey Eurotext: 2011).

 The first history of pharmacy in Britain. Good’s History was commissioned by the General Pharmaceutical Association, formed in 1794, of which the author was a prominent member. It was intended to protect the trade of the apothecaries against the growing number of medicine dispensing druggists and chemists.

Discusses 63 topics on medical ethics and decorum, patient behavior, medical diagnosis, prognosis, and practice guidelines, including how to relate to the patient in all matters, including extreme old age and death. "Momentously, Theophile Bonet set for his carefully considered views about how fatally ill persons should be related to, cared for and treated...."(Vanderpool, Palliative care [2015] 15-17).Translated into English as A guide to the practical physician: Shewing from the most approved authors, both ancient and modern, the truest and safest way of curing all diseases, internal and external, whether by medicine, surgery, or diet (London: Printed for Thomas Flesher..., 1684). Digital facsimile of the 1682 edition from Google Books at this link. Full English text available from quod.lib.umich.edu at this link.

Until Hippocrates epilepsy was believed to be religious in origin; Hippocrates provided the first medical description of the disease. 

This set of enormous chromolithographed color wall charts contains probably the largest charts of the brain and nervous system ever published. The two largest measure 5 feet 3 inches by 7 feet 2-5/8 inches! The 13 striking charts include illustrations of the motor and sensory fibers; the peripheral nerve system; the arteries of the brain; the visual projection system in its entirety; the spinal segments in relation to the vertebrae, together with the muscles and reflex centers; the cell and myelin architecture of the cerebrum; the intra-uterine development of the brain; the myelin development of the brain and cord in a newborn infant; and the sympathetic innervation of the neck, chest and abdomen.

This large folio work contains 8 hand-colored lithographed plates by F. R. Say, each with multiple lift-up flaps. It is probably the largest format anatomical work ever published in English with lift-up flaps, with up to 12 layers. Also in 1828 Tuson published in the same format A supplement to myology; containing the arteries, veins, nerves, and lymphatics of the human body. This contained 9 hand-colored lithograph plates by Samuel G. Tovey, each also with multiple lift up flaps.

Published in the same large folio format as Tuson's Myology (1828), this was the largest work on hernia ever published with multiple hand-colored. lift-up flats on three plates.

In this widely read work of popular science that underwent six editions in Browne's lifetime Browne debunked numerous quack cures, etc. Full text from quod.lib.umich.edu at this link. Digital facsimile of the 4th edition (1658) from the Internet Archive at this link.

Translated into English by Logan Kennedy and Leonhard Unglaub as A history of palliative care, 1500-1970: Concepts, practices, and ethical challenges (Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2017).

"This apparently first-ever full essay on palliative care is tightly reasoned and carefully crafted—an innovative classic that attests to years of first-hand experience in the care of gravely ill and dying persons" (Vanderpool, Palliative care [2015] 26). Digital facsimile of the full text in the Philadelphia, 1816 edition from the Internet Archive at this link.

The first "modern" discussion of medical euthanasia. Translated into English by Walter Crane as "Medical euthanasia: A paper published in Latin in 1826, translated and reintorduced to the medical Profession," J. Hist. Med. & Allied Sci. 7 (4) (1952) 401-416.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.

"The Kübler-Ross model - otherwise known as the five stages of grief - postulates a progression of emotional states experienced by both terminally ill patients after diagnosis and by loved-ones after a death. The five stages are chronologically: denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance.

"The model was first introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler-Ross in her 1969 book On Death and Dying, and was inspired by her work with terminally ill patients.^[1] Motivated by the lack of instruction in medical schools on the subject of death and dying, Kübler-Ross examined death and those faced with it at the University of Chicago medical school. Kübler-Ross' project evolved into a series of seminars which, along with patient interviews and previous research, became the foundation for her book.^[2]

"Kübler-Ross noted later in life that the stages are not a linear and predictable progression and that she regretted writing them in a way that was misunderstood.^[3]"

"Brain death-the condition of a non-functioning brain, has been widely adopted around the world as a definition of death since it was detailed in a Report by an Ad Hoc Committee of Harvard Medical School faculty in 1968. It also remains a focus of controversy and debate, an early source of criticism and scrutiny of the bioethics movement. Death before Dying: History, Medicine, and Brain Death looks at the work of the Committee in a way that has not been attempted before in terms of tracing back the context of its own sources-the reasoning of its Chair, Henry K Beecher, and the care of patients in coma and knowledge about coma and consciousness at the time. That history requires re-thinking the debate over brain death that followed which has tended to cast the Committee's work in ways this book questions. This book, then, also questions common assumptions about the place of bioethics in medicine. This book discusses if the advent of bioethics has distorted and limited the possibilities for harnessing medicine for social progress. It challenges historical scholarship of medicine to be more curious about how medical knowledge can work as a potentially innovative source of values" (publisher).

This report described the following characteristics of a permanently nonfunctioning brain, a condition it referred to as "irreversible coma," now known as brain death: 1. Unreceptivity and unresponsitivity--patient shows total unawareness to external stimuli and unresponsiveness to painful stimuli; 2. No movements or breathing--all spontaneous muscular movement, spontaneous respiration and response to stimuli are absent; 3. No reflexes--fixed, dilated pupils; lack of eye movement even when hit or turned, or ice water is placed in the ear; lack of response to noxious stimuli; unelicitable tendon reflexes. In addition to these criteria, a flat electroencephalogram (EEG) was recommended. The committee also noted that drug intoxication and hypothermia which can both cause reversible loss of brain functions should be excluded as causes. The report was used in determining patient care issues and organ transplants. The condition of irreversible coma, i.e., brain death, needs to be distinguished from the persistent vegetative state, in which clinical presentations are similar but in which patients manifest cycles of sleep and wakefulness. 

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Creation of the first transgenic organism: expression of Staphylococcus aureus genes in Escherichia coli. Digital facsimile from pnas.org at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Translated into English from the 4th enlarged German edition and published by the translator, Benedict Lust as: Return to nature! The true natural method of healing and living and the true salvation of the soul. (New York, 1903). Full text from soilandhealth.org at this link.

One of the most eloquent and learned discussions of death. Full annotated text from penelope.uchicago.edu at this link.

Heavily influenced by Percival's work, the AMA's code of ethics was written by Isaac Hayes. The first leaf of this 30-page pamphlet indicates that it was "Printed for Private Distribution by the Philadelphia Delegation to the National Medical Convention held in Philadelphia in May, 1847" for presentation. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile of the 2nd edition (1940) from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Second edition with a new foreword by Margaret Farley and essays by Albert R. Jonsen and William F. May, New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002.

Saunders founded St. Christopher's Hospice in 1967 as the first research and teaching hospice linked with clinical care.

"Over a period of almost 10 years, the work of the Project on Death in America (PDIA) played a formative role in the advancement of end of life care in the United States. The project concerned itself with adults and children, and with interests crossing boundaries between the clinical disciplines, the social sciences, arts and humanities. PDIA engaged with the problems of resources in poor communities and marginalized groups and settings, and it attempted to foster collaboration across a range of sectors and organizations. Authored by medical sociologist David Clark, whose research career has focused on mapping, archiving and analyzing the history and development of hospice, palliative care and related end of life issues, this book examines the broad, ambitious conception of PDIA - which sought to 'transform the culture of dying in America' - and assesses PDIA's contribution to the development of the palliative care field and to wider debates about end of life care within American society. Chapters consider key issues and topics tackled by PDIA grantees which include: explorations of the meanings of death in contemporary American culture; the varying experiences of care at the end of life (in different settings, among different social and ethnic groups); the innovations in service development and clinical practice that have occurred in the US in response to a growing awareness of and debate about end of life issues; the emerging evidence base for palliative and end of life care in the US; the maturation of a field of academic and clinical specialization; the policy and legal issues that have shaped development, including the ethical debate about assisted suicide and the Oregon experience; the opportunities and barriers that have been encountered; and the prospects for future development. A final chapter captures developments and milestones in the field since PDIA closed in 2003, and some of the challenges going forward" (publisher).

The complete proceedings of the founding of the American Medical Association. This version also contains the text of the Code of Ethics written by Isaac Hayes and adopted by the AMA. In updated forms, this remains the most widely followed medical code of ethics in the United States. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Bartlett's book contains the first complete description of typhoid fever in English. In 1908 Osler wrote, "The chief interest of the work today lies in the remarkably accurate picture which is given of typhoid fever--a picture the main outlines of which are as well and firmly drawn in any work which has appeared since." Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

The first state pharmacopeia issued in the United States. Jackson and Warren were the "Committee for the Pharmacopoeia." Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Bigelow, who with Lyman Spalding, was largely responsible for the creation and publication in 1820 of the first U.S. pharmacopeia, published this valuable explanatory and supplementary volume two years later. It was probably essential reading for most users of the first U.S. pharamcopeia. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Broussais was the inventor of "physiological medicine", a crucial step in the development of modern scientific medicine. (Ackerknecht, Bull. Hist. Med. 27, 320). Translated into English by John Bell and R. La Roche as A treatise on physiology applied to pathology, Philadelphia: H. C. Carey and I. Lea, 1826. Digital facsimile of the French edition from the Internet Archive at this link, of the English translation, also from the Internet Archive at this link.

"Combe argues that the human mind is best understood through Phrenology, and that the relative size of the various regions of the brain defined by Phrenology determines a persons behavior and potential interactions with the external world. In The Constitution of Man Combe uses Phrenology to create a practical science of morality,^[2] proposing that conforming to Natural Laws leads to happiness based on the Phrenological understanding of human nature.^[3] The book was an international bestseller, selling at least 100,000 copies in Britain alone^[4] and over 300,000 copies worldwide by 1855, largely due to the publication of the 'people's edition,'^[5] making it one of the best-sellers of the nineteenth century " (Wikipedia article on The Constitution of Man, accessed 03-2018).

"In this book, Combe wrote: "Mental qualities are determined by the size, form and constitution of the brain; and these are transmitted by hereditary descent". ‘Combe was part of an active Edinburgh scene composed of people thinking about the nature of heredity and its possible malleability, such as Lamarck proposed. Combe himself was not a Lamarckian, but in the decades before the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species, the Constitution was probably the single most important vehicle for the dissemination of naturalistic progressivism in the English-speaking world’^[13] "(Wikipedia article on George Combe, accessed 03-2018).

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

http://www.historyofphrenology.org.uk/overview.htm

This is the most comprehensive reference source available on phrenology. Van Wyhe divides it into the following following sections:

Overview

Organs

The Phrenological Organs (the "bumps")

List of organs from Spurzheim's Physiognomical System (1815)

The phrenological organs according to George Combe (lists from 1834 & 1847) [Full descriptions and images of many are available through this list]

Terms used to differentiate the sizes of organs according to Combe

The phrenological organs according to H. Lundie (1844)

Texts

Books

Articles & Extracts

Secondary Sources

Images

Individuals

Henry George Atkinson

J. Barber

L. J. Beale

Charles Bray

Pierre-Paul Broca

Carl Gustav Carus

William Carpenter

Robert Chambers

Andrew Combe

George Combe

James De Ville

Cornelius Donovan

James George Davey

T.I.M. Forster

O.S. Fowler

L.N. Fowler

Franz Joseph Gall

Phineas Gage

John Gordon

Sir William Hamilton

Bernard Hollander

Francis Jeffrey

J. G. Lavater

H. Lundie

Rev. G.C. Rankin

Johann Gaspar Spuzheim

Carl Wernicke

Mattieu Williams

Bibliography

SECONDARY WORKS ON GALL & PHRENOLOGY (in 7 languages)

PRIMARY WORKS ON GALL OR PHRENOLOGY (in 7 languages)

BIOGRAPHICAL WORKS

COMPLETE WORKS OF FRANZ JOSEPH GALL

SELECT THESES

Among the numerous essays in this volume are those by Vivian Nutton on Galen's Library and on Galen's bibiography of his own writings by Jason König.

"Copepod crustaceans are the most numerous multicellular animals on earth. They occur in every free-living and parasitic aquatic niche. Copepods have been known since the time of Aristotle, yet there has never been a history of the study of copepods. This volume, the first in a planned three-volume series, reviews the discoveries of copepods to 1832, the year that the two distinct branches, the free-living copepods (long-known as insects) and the parasitic copepods (thought to be molluscs or worms) were finally acknowledged as members of the same Class Crustacea. The narrative includes the biographies of 90 early copepodologists and recounts their most important contributions to science. Portraits are included for two-thirds of the subjects, with considerable new material as well as information and illustrations from obscure sources. Milestones include the first description of copepods (ca. 350 B.C.), the first illustration (1554), the first free-living freshwater copepod (1688), the first explanation of a free-living copepod's metamorphosis (1756), the first permanently named copepod (1758), the first free-living marine copepod (1770), and the first description of a parasitic copepod's metamorphosis (1819)" (publisher).

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Concerns indigenous and non-indigenous people in five Arctic regions: Greenland, Northern Canada, Alaska, Arctic Russia, and Northern Fennoscandia (Scandinavia).

Revised second edition, same publisher, 2006.

" This volume resents the results of the most comprehensive scientific study of one of the most complete ancient human skeletons ever found in North America" (from the introduction).

"Kennewick Man is the name generally given to the skeletal remains of a prehistoric Paleoamerican man found on a bank of the Columbia River in Kennewick, Washington, United States, on July 28, 1996.^[1] It is one of the most complete ancient skeletons ever found. Radiocarbon tests on bone have shown it to date from 8.9k to 9k calibrated years before present.^[2][3] In the early 2000s, genetic analysis did not have sufficient techniques to analyze such ancient DNA. By 2013, however, techniques had improved and the ancient DNA (aDNA) was analyzed. In June 2015 the team announced their conclusions, that Kennewick Man had most in common with Native Americans among living peoples, including those in the Columbia River region where he was found....

"The discovery of Kennewick Man, along with other ancient skeletons, has furthered scientific debate over the exact origin and history of early Native American people.^[15] One hypothesis holds that a single source of migration occurred, consisting of hunters and gatherers following large herds of game who wandered across the Bering land bridge. An alternative hypothesis is that more than one source population was involved in migration immediately following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), which occurred ~22k to ~18k years BP, and that the land migration through Beringia was either preceded by or roughly synchronous with a waterborne migration from coastal Asia.^[34]" (Wikipedia article Kennewick Man, accessed 03-2018).

"Based on an ethnographic study of the traditional medicine of African Americans in the rural southern United States, this work concentrates on the original Louisiana Territory, with its Native and African American indigenous traditions, and the French migration and Black Haitian freed and enslaved population influx during the 1700s and 1800s. Fontenot finds strong ties between rural Louisiana practices and Haitian and West African medicine. The ethnographer, a native of the region where she did her research, is respected among local practicing secret doctors and is able to give a unique insider's view." (publisher)

Provides detailed descriptions of the etiology, symptomatology, and therapy of every eye disease known to fifteenth-century Chinese practitioners. The translators' introduction also provides the first in-depth analysis of the development of this specialty within Chinese medicine.

The first comprehensive, interdisciplinary exploration of the triangular relationship among the Tibetan art and science of healing (Sowa Rigpa), Buddhism, and arts and crafts. Sowa Rigpa was influenced by Chinese, Indian, and Greco-Arab medical traditions but is distinct from them. Developed within the context of Buddhism, Tibetan medicine was adapted over centuries to different health needs and climates across the region encompassing the Tibetan Plateau, the Himalayas, and Mongolia.

Discusses the voyages by Darwin, Huxley, Hooker and Wallace that informed their key Victorian works on the theory of evolution.

https://mathcs.clarku.edu/huxley/

"Those merely interested in Huxley and scholars engaged in research on him, on Darwinism, on Victorian culture, on the history of science, and on topics such as those noted will find that THE HUXLEY FILE, in which reside over 1000 items, justifies its title. The 1000 figure covers 680 pieces of published and unpublished text by THH; more than 150 pictures by and on him, with an uncounted number of pictures in text by and for him; and 120 commentaries on him. Cybernauts will find here

• the entirety of the nine-volume Collected Essays;
• 40 selections from the five-volume Scientific Memoirs;
• and also a large number of Huxley essays that were never collected, from The Westminster Review, Youth's Companion, etc.; among these, the most important hidden pieces are the three essays he wrote for a club, The Metaphysical Society, on whether a frog has a soul, whether immortality is reasonable, whether Jesus was actually resurrected;
• several pieces that exist only in draft form, such as his teenage journal "Thoughts and Doings," "Agnosticism–A Fragment" and "The Natural History of Christianity";
• letters published in The Times, Nature, etc.; most of the letters appear in Leonard Huxley, ed., The Life and Letters of Thomas Huxley and Julian Huxley, ed., Thomas Henry Huxley's Diary of the Voyage of H.M.S. Rattlesnake –which is the best provider of THH's diary items; some of the letters come from collections in libraries around the world.
• a cornucopia of illustrations ranging from his doodles and sketches of natives to cartoons and portraits of him, illustrations not attached to any text, and a number illustrating texts such as Man's Place in Nature and Oceanic Hydrozoa.
• 120 commentaries on him, some praising his work, others attacking it, such as Powheads, Porwiggles and Protoplasm."