Bassett was the subject of William Osler's famous essay, "An Alabama Student."

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

Reprinted with additions and corrections from Annals of Medical History, N. S. Vol. I, No. 2, March, 1929.

History of the U.S. Army American Expeditionary Forces Evacuation Hospital no. 8, World War 1, 1914-1918, in which Pottle served. Pottle was the greatest Boswell and Samuel Johnson scholar.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link. 

Gantt went to Russia in the 1920s with the American Relief Administration, and became a student of Pavlov.  Moving to Johns Hopkins in 1929, he founded the Pavlovian Laboratory, and devoted his career to understanding the connections between physiological functions and behavior. He translated many of Pavlov's works into English. This book was published in 1928, 11 years after the Russian Revolution, and marked the beginning of Stalin's first Five Year Plan.

Cushing received the Pulitzer Prize for this masterful biography, which remains the essential account of Osler's life, work, and selections from his correspondence. Cushing donated his very extensive research material for this book to the Osler Library at McGill University. Cushing's source material was arranged in a separate file for virtually every week in Osler's life for which Cushing had data.

Digital facsimile of separately paginated 144pp. illustrated offprint from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

An account of the Base Hospital in which Cushing served in World War I, based upon his wartime diaries. Limited to 250 copies, some of which were issued in cloth-backed printed boards, and others in printed wrappers. Cushing issued this work anonymously, though he personally inscribed and signed various copies for presentation.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

The second volume was co-authored by Hanaway, Creuss, and James Darragh.

The expedition was led by Alexander H. Rice, Jr., an American physician, geographer, geologist and explorer noted for his expeditions to the Amazon Basin.

"As a geographer and explorer Rice specialized in rivers.^[1][7] On seven expeditions, beginning in 1907, he explored 500,000 square miles (1,300,000 km²) of the Amazon Basin,^[7] mapping a number of previously unmapped rivers in the northwestern area of the Amazon Basin reaching into Colombia and Venezuela.

After his 1915 marriage, his socialite wife accompanied him on several expeditions to South America which were chronicled in the geographic literature and followed closely by the popular press. A 1916 expedition was the subject of a 1918 book by a colleague, William Thomas Councilman.^[8] During a 1920 trip, it was reported that "the party warded off an attack by savages and killed two cannibals"^[9]‍—‌​"scantily clad ... very ferocious and of large stature".^[10] (A subsequent headline read: "Explorer Rice Denies That He Was Eaten By Cannibals".^[11] In 1913, the Harvard College Class of 1898 Quindecennial Report had noted that, "An interesting feature of [Rice's] work in South America is frequent reports to the effect that he has been eaten by cannibals or has been a victim of the snakes which are said to be laying in wait for him all the time.")^{[12]" (Wikipedia article on Alexander H. Rice, Jr., accessed 10-2019).}

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Study of a subject who was allowed to drink water but ingested no food for 31 days. Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"Publications of the Bureau of Social Hygiene". Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Remains the most comprehensive biography of Cushing, by his student Fulton.

"His biography of Pasteur was viewed as an outstanding work of scholarship which penetrated the secrecy that had surrounded much of the legendary scientist's laboratory work. Geison used Pasteur's laboratory notebooks and published papers to described some of the most famous episodes in the history of science—including their darker sides, such as the human risks entailed in Pasteur's haste to develop the rabies vaccine. A reviewer wrote in the New England Journal of Medicine that the book 'requires us to reevaluate our heroes and consider the complexities of science instead of merely clinging to comforting and heroic myths.' ^[3]"

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

"Emily F. Pope, C. Augusta Pope, and Emma Call, doctors on the staff of the New England Hospital, published a study on women physicians. Their sample included a group of 430 women doctors who had graduated from various medical schools since 1870. Only 13 of the respondents reported poor health and only 4 of these ascribed their illness to the pressures of their practice. Furthermore, only 34 of the 307 who reponded to a special question regarding menstruation stated that they were periodically incapacitated. 'We do not think it would be easy,' the authors delcared, 'to find a better record of health among an equal number of women, taken at random from all over the country.' (Walsh, Doctors wanted, No women Need Apply, pp 131-32)

"Bodley sought to survey all the graduates of the Woman's Medical College of Pennsylvania from its founding 1850 through 1880. Of the total 276 graduates, 244 were alive. Her survey is based on the 186 graduates who responded to her questionnaire" (Drachman, Hospital with a heart, p. 226). Digital facsimile from Drexel University Libraries at this link.

Concerns the transition in the early 20th century in the United States from women midwives delivering most babies to professional obstetricians--mostly men--delivering almost all babies by the 1950s. It researches why midwifery did not become professionalized in the same way as nursing or doctoring.

Traces the development of American physiology in the cultural context of the period. Divided into three parts: social and institutional history; physiology in relation to other fields; and instruments, materials and techniques.

Based upon an examination of the Album of Students at Leiden from 1575 to 1875.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Reprinted, with additions, from "The Storied Province of Quebec". Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

The most significant biography of Sir William Osler since Harvey Cushing's work published in 1925.

A less idolatrous biography of Cushing than Fulton's work of 1946.

Bruno da Longoburgo studied surgery in Bologna or possibly Padua, and practiced in the latter city, where he helped found the University of Padua. His Chirurgia magna, completed in 1252, antedates those of Lanfranch, Henri de Mondeville, Guy de Chauliac and Gulielmo da Saliceto, even though it did not appear in print until the end of the fifteenth century, when it was included in the Chirurgia magna (1498) of Guy de Chauliac. It was was first published separately in this 1510 Italian translation. 

Bruno’s Chirurgia magna was the first surgical treatise of its time to draw upon the works of Arabic authors, primarily Albucasis. The work is divided into two books of twenty chapters each: The first book deals with wound surgery, fractures and the nerves, while the second book discusses the surgery of specific parts (eyes, nose, lips, ears), the treatment of burns, and conditions such as hernia, cancer and bladder stones, as well as operations on the teeth and the antrum of Highmore (maxillary sinus). Bruno was “an experienced surgeon,and refer[red] many times to his own observations” (Sarton, Introduction to the History of Science, 2, p. 1077).

The greatest work of medical botany published during the Napoleonic period; considered a masterpiece of color print production with 425 plates printed in color and finished by hand. The medicinal aspect appears to have been loosely interpreted, and the scope of the work was expanded to include grapes, melon, palms, pineapple, pomegranates, bananas, and other interesting but non-medicinal plants. It was written by physician-botanists Chaumeton, Poiret, and Chamberet, and illustrated by Ernestine Panckoucke and Jean Francois Turpin. Only Chaumeton's name appeared as author on the title page. Panckoucke and Turpin were credited as illustrators on the title page. Digital facsimile of the 1828-1832 edition from the Biodiversity Heritage Library at this link.

"An annotated translation of Xu Shuwei’s (1080–1154) collection of 90 medical case records – Ninety Discussions of Cold Damage Disorders (shanghan jiushi lun 傷寒九十論) – which was the first such collection in China. The translation reveals patterns of social as well as medical history. This book provides the readers with a distinctive first hand perspective on twelfth-century medical practice, including medical aspects, such as nosology, diagnosis, treatment, and doctrinal reasoning supporting them. It also presents the social aspect of medical practice, detailing the various participants in the medical encounter, their role, the power relations within the encounter, and the location where the encounter occurred" (publisher).

Order of authorship in the original paper: Gao, Bailes, Robertson, Hahn. Demonstration, led by Hahn, that HIV-1 originated specifically in the chimpanzee--a mutant of the chimp SIV (SIV-cpz) which acquired mutations sufficient to allow it to jump from chimpanzee to humans.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original paper: Keele, Van Heuverswyn, Li, Hahn. Definitive proof that SIVcpz circulated and existed in wild chimps in a given area of Africa, and that a mutation of this specific SIV in Africa ignited the epidemic/pandemic of HIV-AIDs.

Digital text from PubMedCentral at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original paper: McDougal, Maddon, Dalgleish. The authors discovered that the T4 lymphocyte cell has an outer glycoprotein on its surface that specifically acts as the receptor for HIV. Without first attaching to this receptor HIV cannot dock onto and penetrate the T4 lymphocyte.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original paper: Chow, Gelinas, Broker, Roberts. Discovery of introns, for which Roberts and Philip Sharp received the Nobel Prize in 1993. It has been frequently suggested that Chow deserved a share of that prize. The normally inappropriate word "amazing" in the title of this paper was allowed in this particular instance by the editors of the journal Cell because of the exceptional nature of the discovery.

See also: Gelinas and Roberts, "One predominant 5--undecanucleotide in adenovirus 2 late messenger RNAs," Cell, 11 (1977) 533-544.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

Discovery of introns simultaneously with Roberts, Chow, Broker (No. 11043). Sharp's electron microscopist, Berget, visualized the introns in the electron microscope. James D. Watson took note of the profound significance of the discovery and invited both groups to present their data at the Cold Spring Harbor Symposium that year. This helped solidify the discovery by both groups as "simultaneous." For this discovery Sharp shared the Nobel Prize with Roberts in 1993.

Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.

(Thanks for Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original paper: Mead, Gandhi, Beck, Collinge. Collinge was the main author. Digital facsimile from nejm.org at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

Documents manuscripts by Laennec preserved in the Archives de l'Académie des Sciences, and Musée Laennec de la Bibliothèque Universitaire de Nantes, Section médecine-pharmacie.

A general survey with chapters that focus on the ancient Egyptian understanding and treatments of cardiovascular disease, as well as a description of herbal medicines used by ancient Egypt medical practitioners and pharmacologists.

Order of authorship in the original publication: Poiesz, Ruscetti,... Gallo. Gallo and associates announced the discovery of a human retrovirus with type C morphology causing a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Gallo named this virus HTLV-1 (for Human T-cell Leukemia-Lymphoma Virus - 1). Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Kalyanaraman, Sarngadharan,... Gallo. Discovery by Gallo of HTLV-II, which like HTLV-I, is carcinogenic.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Montagnier, Dauguet,... Barré-Sinoussi. In this paper Montagnier and colleagues showed that, contrary to the views of Gallo and his group, LAV (Lymphadenopathy Associated Virus) was not antigenically related to HTLV, that it was very antigenically and morphologically related to EIAV (Equine Infectious Anemia Virus), a lentivirus, and that the p25 protein of LAV is not related to the p24 protein of HTLV. They also showed that the EM morphology of LAV is very similar to EIAV, as are its dimensions, that LAV has a strict tropism for OKT4 helper lymphocytes (See No. 11042). They also showed that when LAV infects a cell line it is lytic for those cells, whereas HTLVs immortalize the cells.

See also the following paper by the authors presented at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories on September 15, 1983: "A new human lymphotropic retrovirus: Characterization and possible role in lymphadenopathy and acquired immune deficiency syndromes," published as pp.363-369 in Gallo, R.C.; Essex, M., Gross, L., eds., Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus. Cold Spring Harbor, NY, 1984.

(Thanks for Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation.)

Discovery of the three-dimensional structure of a protein complex found in certain photosynthetic bacteria, called the photosynthetic reaction center, for which the authors shared the Nobel Prize in 1988. This was the first elucidation of the 3D crystal structure of any membrane protein complex. The authors used X-ray crystallography to determine the exact arrangement of the 10,000 atoms in this protein complex. Photosynthesis has been called "the most important chemical reaction in the biosphere."

For the first time understanding of processes in bacterial cells elucidated a complex chemical reaction that had hitherto only been studied in plant cells.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this entry and its interpretation).

Reprints landmark papers with commentary by Perutz.

Translated into English by Matthew Cobb as A history of molecular biology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998.

One of the earliest works on cannibalism, and probably the first work to combine a discussion of homicide and cannibalism from the medical viewpoint. The author, who was very widely read on these subjects, searched for cures for both phenomena.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

A collaboration between a classicist (Nicholson) and a neurosurgeon (Selden). The text is divided into 7 chapters covering the general topics of "body, money, competition, restriction, autonomy, mentoring, self."

Order of authorship in the original publication: Steinman, Cohn. In this paper Steinman announced his discovery of the dendritic cell. For the discovery of this cell and its role in adaptive immunity Steinman shared the Nobel Prize in 2011. Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Reeves demonstrated that mosquitoes detect their prey by sensing the carbon dioxide that animals exhale. (It was later shown that some mosquitoes can detect their prey from more than 165 feet away.)

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Carey, Wang, ... Carlson. The authors showed that besides CO2, the odorant receptors in the malaria mosquistoes Anopheles gambiae are sensitive to other "mostly sweat" organic compounds like "1-octen-3-ol", which is very common in human and animal odor. These receptors play a central role in human recognition in the human host-seeking behavior of these mosquitoes.

Digital facsimile from PubMedCentral at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

In this more-detailed follow-up to his "preliminary" paper of 1895 published in Durban, South Africa, Bruce provided definitive proof that the Trypanosoma was the cause of nagana, and the tsetse fly was the vector of transmission. He showed the part of the tsetse fly which took part in causation of nagana, described the trypanosoma, proved the connection between big game and spread of the disease, and provided a treatment for the disease (prophylactic and curative) using arsenic in the animals. 

In this paper Bruce also credited Lady Bruce, a trained laboratory technician, for help with the experiments. Sir David and Lady Bruce comprised the complete team in the "First British Nagana Commission to Zululand." Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Sedillot, a surgeon, first used the word "microbe" on p. 634, third paragraph, of this paper. He coined the term after consulting with lexicographer Émile Littré, to ascertain etymological appropriateness. Shortly thereafter Pasteur used the term in a paper with Chamberland and Joubert in the same journal (pp. 1037-1043).

Digital facsimile from BnF.gallica at this link.

(Thanks to Juan Weiss for this reference and its interpretation.)

Order of authorship in the original publication: Swedo, Leonard, Garvey.... Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS), "an hypothesis that there exists a subset of children with rapid onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or tic disorders and these symptoms are caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections.^[1] The proposed link between infection and these disorders is that an initial autoimmune reaction to a GABHS infection produces antibodies that interfere with basal ganglia function, causing symptom exacerbations. It has been proposed that this autoimmune response can result in a broad range of neuropsychiatric symptoms.^[2][3] PANDAS is a subset of the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric syndrome (PANS) hypothesis." (Wikipedia aritlce on PANDAS).

This collective work shows how Galen was adopted, adapted, admired, contested, and criticized across diverse intellectual environments and geographical regions, from Late Antiquity to the present day, and from Europe to North Africa, the Middle and the Far East. 

Klebs 433.1. These were the first genuine texts of Galen published in print in the original Greek.

Digital edition available from princeton.edu at this link: http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/gleason/010702.pdf

First separate edition in Latin of Galen's De compositione medicamentorum, On the Composition of medicines, translated by Johann Winter of Andernach, to which was added Galen's treatise on weights and measures translated by humanist Andrea Alciato. 

Durling cites another edition of Guinter's translation published in Paris by Simon de Colines, also in 1530.

Detailed bibliographical descriptions of the 16 manuscripts then owned by the Wellcome Library, including several from the collections of Anthony Askew (1722-1774), who acquired his in the dispersal of the library of Richard Mead (1673-1754). Most are medieval and fall into the category of Byzantine and post-Byzantine iatrosophia, a "type of physician's handbook consisting of simple recipes for use in daily practice."

Digital facsimile from journals.cambridge.org at this link.

In quest of a non-addictive alternative to morphine, Wright experimented with combining morphine with various acids. He boiled anhydrous morphine alkaloid with acetic anhydride over a stove for several hours and produced a more potent, acetylated form of morphine, now called diamorphine (or diacetylmorphine), also known as heroin. After Wright's death, Heinrich Dreser, a chemist at Bayer Laboratories, continued to test heroin. Bayer marketed it as an analgesic^[3] and 'sedative for coughs' in 1898. When its addictive potential was recognized, Bayer ceased its production in 1913. (Wikipedia article Charles Romley Alder Wright).

Digital facsimile from the Hathi Trust at this link.

A comprehensive study by a physician of the numerous tracings and impressions of mutilated hands that appear in prehistoric painted caves or parietal art.

Miescher first isolated DNA and identified it as an acid through chemical analysis of salmon spermatozoa.  See Ralf Dahm, "Discovering DNA: Friedrich Miescher and the early years of nucleic acid research," Human Genetics, 122 (2008) 565-581.

In a letter to his uncle, the embryologist, Wilhelm His, written on December 17, 1892, and first published in this collected edition, Miescher described a kind of genetic code. He remarked how "some of the large molecules encountered in biology, composed of a repetition of a few similar but not identical small chemical pieces, could express all the right variety of the hereditary message, 'just as the words and concepts of all languages can find expression in twenty-four to thirty letters of the alphabet" (Judson, The eighth day of creation. Makers of the revolution in biology, p. 28). Miescher's letter to Wilhelm His was first published in vol. 1, pp. 116-17 of this work.

Digital facsimile from Google Books at this link.

Privately printed catalogue of Cobres’ natural history library, comprising descriptions, with collations and notes, of about 2500 books on botany, zoology, geology, etc. The catalogue is divided into subject sections and includes sections on conchology, microscopy and ‘Musea’ or Wunderkammern. On this topic it lists 107 titles listed, and is one of the earliest bibliographies of museum catalogues.

Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Perhaps the first great American anatomy for artists by an American painter and sculptor. Rimmer not only drew the 900 drawings on the 81 heliotype plates, but he also wrote in the explanatory text on the sheets along with the drawings. The first edition is an oblong folio. According to the slightly reduced format second edition of 1884 much of the first edition was destroyed in a fire in 1879.

The London Medical Papyrus contains "61 recipes, of which 25 are classified as medical while the remainder are of magic.^[1] The medical foci of the writing are skin complaints, eye complaints, bleeding^[2] (predominantly with the intent of preventing miscarriage through magical methods) and burns." Digital facsimile from the Internet Archive at this link.

Leo the Physician was a medical encyclopedist; traditionally dated to 9th century, but possibly as late as 12th–13th century CE. His Epitome survives in only one manuscript, possibly because Leo avoided theological discussions and streamlined his text for students who were probably learning medicine in the hospitals of Constantinople.

Bertin practiced medicine in the West Indies, and wrote about the physical effects of the voyage there, the causes of diseases and their cures, and the effects of the Caribbean climate and humidity on health. The imprint suggests that Bertin wrote the book in Santo Domingo (Haiti), and likely hoped to market it there, as it was of practical use in the West Indies. Digital facsimile (of a copy lacking the title page) from Google Books at this link.